One day, Robert Mahley, the then president of Gladstone, gathered about 20 postdocs and said that “VW” was a magic word to make us successful scientists. Fortunately, two events rescued me from PAD and from giving up on science. At the inauguration ceremony for the new CiRA research building, I publicly pledged to achieve four goals over the first ten years: 1. Congregation (2014) Shinya YAMANAKA. He researches into adult stem cells. He researches into adult stem cells. My lab members continued to improve the induction and selection methods. 4. He attended the Tenn?ji High School and graduated with honors. John Gurdon étudie la littérature au collège d'Eton puis au collège Christ Church de l'université d'Oxford.Après avoir obtenu un transfert dans un cursus de zoologie, il est diplômé avec mention très bien (first class Honours) en 1956.En 1960, sous la direction de Michael Fischberg, il complète son doctorat consacré à la transplantation nucléaire sur des Xénopes. Conduct preclinical and clinical studies on such diseases as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and blood diseases. A book also pushed me to become a medical doctor. Shinya Yamanaka biography, married, wife, chika yamanaka, twitter, instagram, lab, net worth | Shinya Yamanaka is a Japanese scientist genetic He is mostly known to be a Nobel Prize winner He has made a contribution to genetics by writing scientific books and his laboratory researches He also was honored with the Kyoto Prize The attempts failed, with a few exceptions (Yamanaka and Blau, 2010). Shinya Yamanaka is 58 years and 5 month (s) old. These achievements showed that the genome DNA of mature cells theoretically have all the information needed to develop animals. What was worse, the Nat1 work was being rejected by many journals. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese stem cell researcher, winner of the Nobel Prize. Shinya Yamanaka biography with personal life (affair, girlfriend , Gay), married info (wife, children, divorce). Science was one of my favorite classes at school. In addition, after hearing about a big scandal involving a Korean researcher who falsely reported the successful generation of human ES cells by cloning at around that time, I thought we should repeat our experiments to make sure of the result so that no researcher could cast doubt on our findings. Working for Gladstone is a great pleasure for me as it means I can make some contribution to the institute where I received excellent training as a young scientist. RESIDENT AT A HOSPITAL After receiving an M.D. Your personal account . By 2004, with our own work and that of other groups, we had collected 24 initial candidate genes that might be able to induce pluripotency in somatic cells. His words made me pay keen attention to research abroad. During the next four years, I learned the essentials about how to design and conduct experiments and analyze data from my direct mentor, Katsuyuki Miura. Embryonic Stem Cells* History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Japan; Personal Name as Subject. A collection of facts with age. Anxious about the lack of financial resources for the future to allow us to continue hiring research support staffers, I even ran the full Kyoto Marathon in 2012 to raise online donations from the public. Beliau juga merupakan profesor dari Kyoto University, Jepun. He was pleased to take over this very risky project and did a remarkable job. Biographie. It was a difficult task, but thanks to an excellent technician, Tomoko Ichisaka, and to funding from NAIST, we were able to establish it within a few years. About six months after they left, I went back to Japan as I missed them so much. I found that Nat1 is required for early mouse development. He did not force me to do or be anything, but, by showing diligence in his work, he taught me silently how meaningful it is to create something from the drawing board, and how interesting it is to seek for oneself a better way of achieving a goal. The pulsating blobs struck a primitive chord in the young researcher. Biography. During this period, two major events happened to me. Biographie. My father, Shozaburo, ran a small factory in the city of Higashi-Osaka manufacturing components for sawing machines, which he took over in his early 20s after my grandfather passed away. Miura’s hypothesis was that administering an inhibitor of another lipid, thromboxane A2, which is activated by platelet-activating factor, would prevent the blood pressure from going down. Running CiRA with some 250 staff, I have come to spend less time discussing their data with my colleagues and students, and have been absorbed by my duties as the “chief executive officer” of CiRA, including devising strategies to advance both basic and applied research and to obtain sufficient funding. I don’t know why that was his wish, but he may have thought that I was not cut out for business or may have wanted me to have a job more stable than running a small business that is easily affected by the economic climate. SCHOOL DAYS I remember that when I was a child, I found it very exciting to dismantle clocks and radios into small pieces and then try to assemble them again, though most of the time I ended up breaking them. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya, lahir 4 September 1962) ialah penyelidik sel tunjang Jepun dan penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan. FROM SURGEON TO SCIENTIST As the first step toward my new goal, I became a Ph.D. student in pharmacology at Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine in 1989, working in Kenjiro Yamamoto’s laboratory. There again, I enjoyed playing judo and rugby, and suffered many broken bones while doing sports. Congregation (2014) Shinya YAMANAKA. In addition, I often suffered from severe pain in my legs due to over-training. Shinya Yamanaka is an actor and executive, known for Hodo Station (2004), The Evolution of Stem Cell Research (2014) and 2012 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony (2012). One of my first Ph.D. students, Yoshimi Tokuzawa, with the help of Tomoko, successfully targeted the gene. The environment for researchers in Japan was quite different in many ways from that in the U.S. At the medical school, very few scientists showed interest in the basic biology of mouse ES cells, and there was little thought-provoking discussion with my colleagues. This center is designed not only to progress with basic research to improve fundamental iPS cell technology but also to use the technology in clinical applications. Nationality: Japan. He reported the generation of new frogs by transferring tadpole intestine cell nuclei into enucleated eggs from the African clawed toad, Xenopuslaevis. Prix Nobel/ Nobel Lectures/The Nobel Prizes. Inspired by them, I formed a folk song band with my classmates, called “Karesansui” (‘Dry Garden Style’), and performed at the school’s student festivals. He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell (induced Pluripotent Stem Cell) Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences a See also. Biography Shinya Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 2012 for his work on stem cell research. Published on behalf of The Nobel Foundation by Science History Publications/USA, division Watson Publishing International LLC, Sagamore Beach, 2013. Judah Folkman biography and inspiration for the Tobin Project; Lam, Andrew. At that time, Kyoto University was the only institute in Japan that had succeeded in culturing human ES cells. Painful and unforgettable bedside experiences finally drove me to switch my goal from becoming a surgeon who would help free patients from pain to becoming a basic scientist who would eradicate those intractable diseases by finding out their mechanisms and ultimately a way of curing them. Yamanaka … POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW AT GLADSTONE At the time, I was astonished by mouse transgenesis and gene targeting, which specifically induce or delete a single gene of interest, because no pharmacological agents could perform such miracles. THE DISCOVERY OF IPS CELLS In 2004, I moved to the Institute of Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University as a professor. My initial hypothesis was that factors that maintain the pluripotency of mouse ES cells might induce pluripotency in somatic cells. In school, he was drawn to science; he was also an enthusiastic athlete. I was born on September 4, 1962, in Osaka, Japan. Volume 5: Shinya Yamanaka "The Study of iPS Cells" Shinya Yamanaka Professor, Kyoto University. Saving Sight: An eye surgeon's look at life behind the mask and the heroes who changed the way we see. Owing to its simple and reproducible method, numerous laboratories inside and outside Japan are now working on iPS cell research, and protocols have been developed for direct reprogramming, whereby somatic cells are directly converted into mature cells of a different type. In addition to my direct mentors, I also owe much not only to the great scientists who made breakthrough discoveries in biology but also to countless predecessors who have contributed to the development of nuclear reprogramming and stem cell biology. Biographie [modifier | modifier le code]. These cells were similar to ES cells in morphology, proliferation and gene expression. Updated On 15 Jun, 2015 . “We have colonies.” Shinya Yamanaka looked up in surprise at the postdoc who had spoken. Create an iPS cell stock for clinical use in regenerative medicine. Whittier Foundation Investigator in Stem Cell Biology at the Gladstone Institute for Cardiovascular Disease (GICD). The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT! Like other owners of small companies in the area, my father was an engineer who designed new products and made them by himself. Dr. Shinya Yamanaka is a Senior Investigator and the L.K. After finishing my Ph.D. work in 1993, I applied for as many postdoctoral positions as I could in labs doing mouse molecular genetics because I wanted to obtain postdoctoral training and further skills including techniques to make knockout mice. I was deeply inspired by Torao Tokuda, a physician who founded a hospital group in the 1970s that tried to revolutionize the Japanese medical care system. Notable people with the name include: Shinya Abe (阿部 晋也, born 1980), Japanese curler and curling coach; Shinya Adachi (足立 信也, born 1957), Japanese politician; Shinya Aoki (born 1983), professional mixed martial artist; Shinya Arino (born 1972), Osaka comedian part … Shinya Yamanaka Biography. More than a decade ago, Shinya Yamanaka gazed through a microscope at human embryos growing in a laboratory dish at a fertility clinic in Osaka, Japan. He is Director of the Center for iPS Cell Research and … The major reason for the change was that I wanted to conduct experiments using human ES cells. Among them was the transcription factor Klf4, identified by Yoshimi. Facts of Shinya Yamanaka Date of Birth : September 4 , 1962 : Age : 58 years old: Family Name : Yamanaka: Birth Country : Japan: Birth Sign : Virgo : Relationship short Statistics of Shinya Yamanaka What is Shinya Yamanaka marital status ? Married. To our surprise, however, the transgenic mice developed liver tumors. Finally I am grateful to my parents. : El mundo de la Antigüedad tardía, Taurus, 1991. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥 Yamanaka Shin'ya, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese Nobel Prize -winnin stem cell resaircher. I also committed to the school association as a vice president. He also holds the following positions: Professor at the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University (since 2007), Senior Investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco (since 2007), as well as that of Professor of Anatomy at the University of California, San Francisco. Cell stem cell 5 (3), 237-241, 2009. In 2005, we succeeded in generating ES-like cells with the four factors, and I named the resulting cells “induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells.” I was anxious about whether they were really the pluripotent cells that we were looking for because the method used to generate the iPS cells was much simpler than I had expected. Shinya Yamanaka (山 中 伸 弥 ... biographie. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥 , Yamanaka Shin'ya, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese stem cell researcher, winner of the Nobel Prize. I was glad that my mother was able to take part in the award ceremony of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Stockholm. Yamanaka Shin'ya (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya?) Il fait ensuite son clinicat en chirurgie orthopédique à l'hôpital d'Osaka puis un post-doc aux Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease de San Francisco. Nair P. PMCID: PMC3386100 PMID: 22619323 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Biography; Historical Article; Portraits; MeSH Terms. Somatic cells derived from these mice do not express neoR and are sensitive to the antibiotic G418. Affiliation 1 Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Takashi Aoi showed that iPS cells can be generated not only from fibroblasts but also from adult mouse hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. A further advance came in a 2001 report by Takashi Tada of Kyoto University, who demonstrated that thymocytes acquire pluripotency upon electrofusion with mouse ES cells, which indicated that ES cells also contain factors that induce pluripotency in somatic cells. 1993 Ph.D. (Pharmacology), Graduate School of … Autres … Showing all 2 items. Il soutient sa thèse de science à l'université municipale d'Osaka en 1993. I though it must be her sister or something. Shinya Yamanaka fait ses études de médecine à l'université de Kobe dont il obtient son doctorat de médecine en 1987. Biographie. When Kazutoshi introduced each candidate into the Fbxo15-neoR reporter fibroblasts using retroviral vectors, no G418-resistant colonies emerged. He was born in 4 Sep, 1962. Materials Science Research Interest. However, when he introduced the mixture of all 24 genes via retroviral vectors, we observed several drug-resistant colonies in a Petri dish. Back in my home country, I eventually got an assistant professor position in the department of pharmacology at Osaka City University Medical School. Currently, Shinya Yamanaka occupies the position of President & Representative Director at OPTIMUS GROUP Co., Ltd. 1987 M.D., School of Medicine, Kobe University. For these reasons, the Inamori Foundation is pleased to present the 2010 Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology to Dr. Shinya Yamanaka. This institute has brilliant investigators in basic and applied sciences, an excellent research environment and competent Ph.D. students. There was an eye-opening moment when Miura told me that scientists have to compete with researchers around the  world. To cite this section Now I hope that receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will consolidate long-term support from the government and the general public for iPS cell research nationwide. at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les He is Director of the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), which was founded in 2008 in response to his discovery, at Kyoto University, and named Senior Investigator at the Gladstone Institutes from 2007. In 1996, my wife Chika and our two daughters, Mika and Miki, who were living in San Francisco with me, returned to Japan to enroll Mika in an elementary school in Osaka. H MS c365. It was hard but helped us raise more than 10 million yen. Other Works | … Look for popular awards and laureates in different fields, and discover the history of the Nobel Prize. However, we did not see any phenotypes in mice or ES cells lacking Fbxo15. Tout savoir sur Shinya Yamanaka, son actualité et son parcours. Functioning at the Nara University, together with his group, Shinya produced induced pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse in the 2006. Doctor of Science honoris causa. Credits, 2010 Balzan Prize for Stem Cells: Biology and Potential Applications. AccessScience ; Biographies; Biography. RESEARCH AT NAIST At NAIST, I was expected to establish a knockout mouse core facility. At the high school, there were some teachers who often told students that we should try to become a superman or superwoman, meaning that we should not only study hard but also try to experience many activities such as sports and activities in the student association. Twelve laureates were awarded a Nobel Prize in 2020, for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. I played the guitar and was a vocalist. Cookie Policy(function (w, d) { var loader = function () { var s = d.createElement("script"), tag = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.src = "https://cdn.iubenda.com/iubenda.js"; tag.parentNode.insertBefore(s, tag); }; if (w.addEventListener) { w.addEventListener("load", loader, false); } else if (w.attachEvent) { w.attachEvent("onload", loader); } else { w.onload = loader; } })(window, document); The iPS cell lines will be distributed to other institutes so that they can differentiate them into various types of cell for use in transplantation therapy. Since the discovery of human iPS cells, I have seen iPS cell technology advancing at an amazing speed. Doctor of Science honoris causa. Il travaille de … This study later became my Ph.D. dissertation, published in Circulation Research in 1993. Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize. Shinya (Shin'ya) is a Japanese given name, usually for males.It is pronounced as "Shin-ya", not "Shi-nya". Shinya Yamanaka. Biographie. Nationalité: Japonais. Découvrez sa biographie, sa carrière en détail et toute son actualité. Keisuke Okita, with the help of Tomoko, succeeded in making iPS cells that are competent for production of adult chimeras and germline transmission. ( married,single, in relation or divorce): … Personnalité : Yamanaka Shinya, Scientifique. The third, and equally important, stream of research is that involving ESCs. After a short telephone conversation, Tom was brave enough to give me a postdoctoral position in his lab! K Takahashi, K Mitsui, S Yamanaka. I must begin by thanking you for this wonderful honour. Augustine of Hippo: A Biography (1967). Thousands of chemicals and natural products can be tested on such cells, some of which we hope will become new effective medicines for intractable diseases. Biographie. In 2006, we published a paper in Cell on the successful generation of mouse iPS cells using the four factors. MLA style: Shinya Yamanaka – Biographical. Born in Osaka, Japan, in 1962, Yamanaka received his M.D. Fonction; Professeur; Biographie; Naissance: 4 septembre 1962 (58 ans) Hiraoka (d) Nom dans la langue maternelle: 山中伸弥 . Jump to: Mini Bio (1) | Trivia (1) Mini Bio (1) Shinya Yamanaka is an actor and executive, known for Hodo Station (2004), The Evolution of Stem Cell Research (2014) and 2012 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony (2012). I devoted myself to judo and continued practicing it for several years until I quit it due to a serious injury in my second year at college. Shinya Yamanaka edit Extracted from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - Original source - History - Webmasters Guidelines . 191st . Shinya Yamanaka is an actor and executive, known for Hodo Station (2004), The Evolution of Stem Cell Research (2014) and 2012 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony (2012). More precisely, I set my lab’s goal as being to generate ES cell-like pluripotent cells from somatic cells, without using embryos. Then, in 1997, Sir Ian Wilmut’s team unveiled Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal created using a nuclear transfer method. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese Nobel Prize-winning stem cell researcher. His passion for judo resulted in a number of broken bones and frequent visits to the orthopedist. Biography. Because of my interest in ES cells, because of the successful generation of human ES cells and because I had to use ES cells anyway in the knockout mouse core facility, I decided to list “ES cells” in the title of my lab website. Y Yoshida, K Takahashi, K Okita, T Ichisaka, S Yamanaka. His success taught me that ES cells have enormous potential in medicine and encouraged me to continue my research. … To overcome these major hurdles, I decided nuclear reprogramming would be the goal of my lab. He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell (induced Pluripotent Stem Cell) Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University; as a senior investigator at the … Found on Reuters 8 months ago Health News. When I was a resident, my rivals were other residents at the same hospital. I am deeply thankful to my wife and our two daughters, who have supported my hectic life as a scientist for years. Complete biography of Shinya Yamanaka » FAVORITE (0 fans) Quotes from the news wire: If we can make good use of resources at places like university labs, PCR testing can exceed 100,000 (per day), far more than 20,000. The use of human embryos has been an obstacle to the promotion of ES cell research in many countries, including the U.S. and Japan. Although I gave up my career as a surgeon, I still hope to help people suffering from serious diseases and injuries. 1962 Born in Osaka, Japan. He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2011 with Rudolf Jaenisch; and the Millennium Technology Prize in 2012 together with Linus Torvalds. I married Chika, whom I first met as a classmate at junior high school. Human induced pluripotent stem cells, or human iPS cells , were first generated by an outstanding Japanese academic, Dr. Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University. Shinya Yamanaka. Maybe I just copied what my father was doing. I had given up my career as a physician, but I had found a powerful tool that could help develop new cures for disease. né en Osaka en 1962, après avoir été diplômé de l'école, il a assisté à la Tennoji 'Université de Kobe, où il a obtenu son diplôme en médecine en 1987; plus tard, il est spécialisé en tant que chirurgien orthopédique, puis consacré à la recherche fondamentale. Biography. Miura was also enthusiastic about the findings even though they were against his hypothesis. I have a small laboratory at Gladstone since I was offered a senior investigator position in 2007 and the lab members are also working hard. The Making of Late Antiquity (1978) The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity (1981) Society & the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982). He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell (induced Pluripotent Stem Cell) Research and Application and a professor at the … Published On 15 Jun, 2015 . Tom kindly let me continue the Nat1 work and shipped three chimeric mice I had made to Japan. These iPS cells are able to transform into the cells of any human body part. I became intrigued in how ES cells maintain their differentiation ability while rapidly proliferating. Tr. Contribute to the development of therapeutic drugs using patient-derived iPS cells. Il fait ensuite son clinicat en chirurgie orthopédique à l'hôpital d'Osaka puis un post-doc aux Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular … I decided to generate Nat1-knockout mice to study the gene’s function. 2. Professor Shinya Yamanaka is most renowned for his discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which are differentiated cells that have been reprogrammed back to the pluripotent state. Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese stem cell researcher, winner of the Nobel Prize. 431: 2009: Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells. Shinya Yamanaka, born in Osaka on 4 September 1962, is a Japanese citizen. Working at Gladstone was one of the best decisions I ever made in my life. I liked reading a monthly scientific magazine for elementary school children. A turning point came when I got a fax from Thomas Innerarity at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in San Francisco. With the great help of the initial members of my lab – Tomoko, Yoshimi, and two other students, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Eiko Kaiho, and then Assistant Professor Kaoru Mitsui, my lab identified many factors that either are specifically expressed by or have important roles in mouse ES cells. 886: 2009: Modeling Alzheimer’s disease with iPSCs reveals stress phenotypes associated with intracellular Aβ and differential drug responsiveness. Right after we generated mouse iPS cells, my team began to work on reprogramming human somatic cells. Now CiRA is promoting the iPS cell stock project, in which we make clinical-grade iPS cell lines from blood cells donated by healthy HLA-homozygous individuals. Shinya Yamanaka Me Support Understood My goals over the decade include to develop new drugs to treat intractable diseases by using iPS cell technology and to conduct clinical trials using it on a few patients with Parkinson's diseases, diabetes or blood diseases. I was appointed as the Director of CiRA. Shinya Yamanaka est un scientifique japonais né le 4 septembre 1962 à Higashioka. Biography. NAIST did not have a medical school and a hospital attached, and therefore had no institutional review board to examine a study plan using human ES cells. Working at the hospital, I found that my surgical skills were not as good as I expected. We were disappointed, but this knockout mouse line turned out later to be useful in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells. Shinya Yamanaka, în japoneză 山中 伸弥; (n. 4 septembrie 1962, Hiraoka[*] , Japonia) este un medic și cercetător japonez, laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Fiziologie sau Medicină pe 2012, împreună cu John B. Gurdon, pentru „descoperirea faptului că celulele mature pot fi … Y Hirami, F Osakada, K Takahashi, K Okita, S Yamanaka, H Ikeda, ... Neuroscience letters 458 (3), 126-131, 2009. What he meant was that scientists need to have a clear vision and work hard toward it. My lab developed a method to generate safer iPS cells without integrating viral vectors into the cell genome, which was one of the major safety concerns. (sinh ngày 4.9.1962 tại Higashiōsaka, Osaka) là bác sÄ© y khoa người Nhật Bản và nhà nghiên cứu tế bào gốc của người trưởng thành. Materials Science Materia Medica. Shinya Yamanaka fait ses études de médecine à l'université de Kobe dont il obtient son doctorat de médecine en 1987. Nuclear reprogramming was first proved by Sir John Gurdon in 1962, the year I was born. by the Laureate. He did not force me to do or be anything, but, by showing diligence in his work, he taught me silently how meaningful it is to create something from the drawing board, and how interesting it is to seek for oneself a better way of achieving a goal. In November 2007, we reported the generation of human iPS cells from human fibroblasts by introducing the same quartet of genes via viral vectors. Instead of simply deleting the gene, we knocked the neomycin resistant gene (neoR) into the Fbxo15 locus. Looking back at my life, I have been very fortunate that I have encountered many talented students and colleagues who have supported and encouraged me on many occasions, including my lab members in the past and the present. Explore books by Shinya Yamanaka with our selection at Waterstones.com. My father wanted me to become a physician who helps a lot of patients. Learning that it was herself only a few years back, I was shocked that the patient looked totally different because of the disease. But compared to my scientific career in the States, in San Francisco, I had a hard time after going back to Japan, because the funding was not good enough back in Osaka. He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell (induced Pluripotent Stem Cell) Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University; as a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated J.

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