Instead of looking for new ways to “test” patients’ health literacy, a more practical and effective approach may be to produce more accessible and easier-to-understand materials for all patients (Wilson-Stronks, Lee, Cordero, Kopp, & Galvez, 2008). cover definition: 1. to put or spread something over something, or to lie on the surface of something: 2. to deal…. Strategies Related to Processing and Understanding Information. (Prepared by the National Opinion Research Center for the National Resource Center for Health IT). E-mail: [email protected]. We are currently working on creating a pocket guide for this resource.The PLP© is also integrated into the Health Communication iOS APP external icon and includes more resources. Synonyms for order include sequence, arrangement, disposition, ordering, grouping, structure, succession, array, classification and series. Pleasant, A. Among the suggestions made by the TJC roundtable is system-wide change that fosters provider-patient relationships through open, honest communication. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from http://165.224.221.98/NAAL/fct_hlthliteracy.asp, National Institute for Literacy. Unweaving the Web: An exploratory study of low-literate adults’ navigation skills on the World Wide Web.” Journal of Health Communication, 7, 309-324. Instead, the teach-back method should be used to create constructive dialogue between the patient and the healthcare provider to ensure that the intended message was properly received. World Health Organization, Geneva www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdf. Press release 9 Jan 2003. Dear Twitpic Community - thank you for all the wonderful photos you have taken over the years. Some of the most widely accepted definitions of health literacy have been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Medical Association (AMA), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Thus, those patients most at risk for not understanding what their healthcare providers are telling them are also more likely to be dissatisfied with their care, resulting in a further breakdown of trust and continuity in the patient-provider relationship. Failing to move beyond the basic communication issues discussed above can be likened to a healthcare system that is only concerned with emergency medicine, rather than addressing problems at their source. Not only do these individuals often lack access to health information, but when the information is obtained, they also struggle to process and understand it. Inadequate health literacy is more prevalent among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, minorities, persons with lower education, and persons with chronic disease (DeWalt et al.). From opening a bank account to insuring your family’s home and belongings, it’s important you know which options are right for you. Although health literacy is a concept new to many members of the healthcare community, it has quickly caught the attention of researchers, policy makers, and clinicians due to its widespread impact on health and well-being. Paasche-Orlow, M.K. The term health literacy was introduced in 1974 in a paper calling for minimum health education standards for all grade-school levels in the United States (US) (National Library of Medicine, 2000). “What did the doctor say? When you're done reading this story, be sure to check out these stories from the Education World archives: * It's News to Me: Teaching Kids About the Newspaper Celebrate American Newspaper Week by teaching students to be knowledgeable and discerning news readers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17, 690-697. Some of the challenges related to improving communication with patients having low health literacy involve allowing nurses and other healthcare providers more time to interact with patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 52, 315-323. This resource covers health administration topics including public health administration, health economics, hospitals, health insurance, management and ethics in healthcare. Kirsch, I. S., Jungeblut, A., Jenkins, L., & Kolstad, A. National Assessment of Adult Literacy, n.d. Baker, Williams, Parker, Gazmararian, & Nurss, 1999, Wilson-Stronks, Lee, Cordero, Kopp, & Galvez, 2008, Language Use and English Speaking Ability: 2000, 2003, www.cdc.gov/communication/resources/simpput.pdf, www.nphic.org/files/editor/file/thesaurus_1007.pdf, www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/about-ama/8035.shtml, http://healthit.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_3882_803031_0_0_18/LiteracyGuide.pdf, www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/D5248B2E-E7E6-4121-8874-99C7B4888301/0/improving_health_literacy.pdf, www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-29.pdf, www.agingsociety.org/agingsociety/publications/fact/fact_low.html, http://165.224.221.98/NAAL/fct_hlthliteracy.asp, www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20061214/pubs/cbm/hliteracy.html, www.centreforliteracy.qc.ca/publications/briefs/measuring/2.htm, www.healthypeople.gov/document/html/volume1/11healthcom.htm, www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550600, www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/367/healthlitclinicians.pdf, www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1466931, www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/367/hl_report_2008.pdf, www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/88C2C901-6E4E-4570-95D8-B49BD7F756CF/0/HLCOneSizeFinal.pdf, www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdf, Validation of the English and Spanish Mammography Beliefs and Attitudes Questionnaire, Development of the Mammography Beliefs and Attitudes Questionnaire for Low-Health-Literacy Mexican-American Women, Educating Nursing Students about Health Literacy: From the Classroom to the Patient Bedside, Enhancing Written Communications to Address Health Literacy, Promoting Health Literacy Through Storytelling, More than Words: Promoting Health Literacy in Older Adults, Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Barriers to Health Literacy, Electronic Personal Health Records That Promote Self-Management in Chronic Illness. She is a Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry at the Penn State College of Medicine, and previously served as the Pennsylvania Physician General … From www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20061214/pubs/cbm/hliteracy.html, National Patient Safety Foundation. In the last quarterfinal of the tournament, Today, Dumapong-Ancheta is one of the board members of the Philippine Paralympic Committee (, Las Vegas, NV, March 14, 2019 --(PR.com)-- Looking for, 153 (Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed) of the Pakistan Penal Code (, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Do tighter loan covenants signal improved future corporate results? Nichole Egbert is an Associate Professor in the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University. Wilson, J. Hispanics were found to be the group with the highest percentage of their population below basic literacy levels (41%) as compared to Whites with the lowest percentage at 9% (Kutner, et al.). Functional health literacy is a vital first step to realizing improvements in many health-related outcomes. Because information accessibility is closely related to communication channels, i.e., the methods by which people receive messages, this section will overview how people obtain information through healthcare providers, print sources, and the Internet. Use plain, nonmedical language. Baker, D.A., Williams, M.V., Parker, R.M., Gazmararian, J.A., & Nurss, J. This level refers to the personal capacity to build skills and “act independently” (p. 266) when armed with factual information. The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes. To make matters worse, many persons low in health literacy often do not see the same provider each time they seek care, making it even more challenging for providers to develop and maintain good relationships. They continue to receive most of their health information from healthcare providers. The association between age and health literacy among elderly persons. A clear definition will lead to conceptual clarity of this ambiguous concept. (2008). Although language use is discussed more in the next section, it is mentioned here because it can also interfere with the user’s ability to navigate the website and find the most pertinent pieces of information. Research is also needed to identify the cultural and age-related issues that intersect with health literacy. However, one should be careful when using the teach-back method so as not to allow the experience to become intimidating or “test like” in nature for the patient. A. Anderson (Eds. Get your assignment help services from professionals. In addition, just raising awareness of the issues by incorporating health literacy content into the nursing and medical school programs and continuing education offerings is a step in the right direction (Barrett & Sheen Puryear, 2006; Williams, Davis, Parker, & Weiss, 2002). The health literacy of America’s adults: results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy. The WHO has defined health literacy as “the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health” (WHO, 1998, p. 10). From the moment MacKayla Lane arrived in Dublin to hunt her sister’s murderer, she’s had to fight one dangerous battle after the next: to survive, to secure power, to keep her city safe, to protect … Her research interests include health literacy, communication and aging, social support, and religiosity/spirituality in health contexts. Health Communication. He is the cofounder of Quicken Loans, founder of Rock Ventures, and owner of the National Basketball Association's Cleveland Cavaliers.Gilbert owns several sports franchises, including the American Hockey League's Cleveland Monsters, and the NBA G League's Canton Charge. Additionally, time is often in short supply during medical interviews and examinations, as pressures continue to mount for healthcare providers to increase the number of patients they see each day. Given this 1991 definition, the 1992 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) survey findings revealing that 90 million persons in America do not possess adequate literacy skills (Kirsch, Jungeblut, Jenkins, & Kolstad, 1993) were especially alarming to healthcare researchers, policy makers, and clinicians. In the short run, nurses and other healthcare providers can learn to pay attention to signs that may indicate a patient has inadequate health literacy skills or is completely illiterate, such as the signs listed below that have been identified by the National Patient Safety Foundation (National Patient Safety Foundation, 2003): A complicating factor in identifying patients who may have difficulty understanding health information is the differences among racial/ethnic groups with regard to level of health literacy skills (Kutner, Greenburg, Jin, & Paulsen, 2006). The NVS consists of a nutrition label accompanied by six questions; it requires three minutes for administration. A., Guerra, C. E., Ravenell, K. L., McDonald, V. J., Henry, C. A., & Asch, D. A. For example, patients with low health literacy may avoid asking questions when medical information is not clear to them (Nielsen-Bohlman et al., 2004). Hence, developing communication strategies that are culturally sensitive is another important consideration when sharing health information. As mentioned above, patients with access to the Internet are more likely to be White, have higher income levels and more education, be under 65 years of age, and have higher health literacy (Bodie & Dutta, 2008). When links and graphics are used, they should be labeled with clear instructions (, Choose HTML over nonstandard formats such as PDF and Flash that require more advanced computer skills and additional software to open (, Avoid requiring the user to scroll or click too many times to get to the information (, Provide a table of contents and links back to the main page (, Forms that are incompletely or incorrectly filled out, Patients who do not read any printed material during the patient-healthcare provider interaction, Statements, such as “I will read this at home,” or “I can’t read this now; I forgot my glasses.”, Patients who are unable to assume the self-management role successfully. Retrieved August 19, 2009 from www.mlanet.org/resources/healthlit/, American Medical Association. https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/PPC, Members of the 'I Won't Pay' movement Leonidas Papadopoulos (left) and Ilias Papadopoulos (second right) talk to a police officer during a protest outside a Public Power Corporation (. Her work can be found in such journals as Health Communication, Journal of Health Communication, Communication Quarterly, Journal of American College Health, and Journal of Communication and Religion. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6. Historically, people have gone to their healthcare providers to receive credible health information. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: The Joint Commission. These issues, which are vital to promoting health literacy online, have been highlighted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000) in Healthy People 2010 in their goals for improving health communication. Interacting with the healthcare system can be a very stressful, especially when coupled with the fear of an unknown diagnosis or the fear associated with receiving instructions for self-care behaviors. Health Promotion International, 15, 259-267. Identifying patients who may be low in health literacy is not always easy in a clinical setting. (1991). Functional health literacy and the quality of physician-patient communication among diabetes patients. If you need professional help with completing any kind of homework, Online Essay Help is … Therefore, measures of health literacy would be better suited for research purposes, whereas more patient-centered strategies should be implemented in the clinical setting. Scottish Gaelic (Scottish Gaelic: Gàidhlig [ˈkaːlɪkʲ] or Scots Gaelic, sometimes referred to simply as Gaelic) is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland.As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. Kevin M. Nanna, MSN, RN, BC-NE. Although much has been done to clarify the challenges associated with the various populations that are coping with a multitude of health issues, a disconnect remains between these research findings and best practice in most health delivery organizations. Assessing the nation’s health literacy: Key concepts and findings from the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). Bodie, G. D., & Dutta, M. J. Retrieved March 31, 2009 from www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/88C2C901-6E4E-4570-95D8-B49BD7F756CF/0/HLCOneSizeFinal.pdf, World Health Organization (WHO) (1998) Division of Health Promotion, Education and Communications Health Education and Health Promotion Unit. One of the most common strategies leveraged against the problem of low health literacy is the “plain language agenda.” Using plain language does not refer only to reducing the reading level of a text, but also to improving the tone and organization of the information (Nagel et al., 2008). The vast majority of attention in health literacy research has been focused on information accessibility, namely the delivery and readability of health-related information. Clinicians are encouraged to develop interdisciplinary teams that include communication experts, marketing professionals, visual designers, health information technology experts, and librarians to deliver oral, visual, print, and Internet-based information. The purpose of this article is to outline the scope of low health literacy as a concept and explore ways that researchers and clinicians can reduce its negative impact on health outcomes. Developing these materials will require teams to consider the specific needs of the population they serve. 14, No. aggregate definition: 1. something formed by adding together several amounts or things: 2. small stones used in…. Keywords: health literacy, decision-making, health information, Internet navigation, patient empowerment, patient-provider relationship. We also have a team of customer support agents to deal with every difficulty that you may face when working with us or placing an order on our website. Agency for Health Research and Quality (2004). In the clinical setting The Joint Commission (TJC) has also begun to consider how patient empowerment through health literacy efforts may be increased (TJC, 2007). The case of performance pricing covenants, Kirk Communications Offers Comprehensive SEO Company services and PPC management, Greece's dark age: how austerity turned off the lights, Comparative Study of Strength and Corrosion Resistant Properties of Plain and Blended Cement Concrete Types, Peculiar crystallization kinetics of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends, PPC Shaper Provides Affordable and Results Oriented Digital Marketing to Global Client, 3rd RMI MCL: PPC Bahadurs crush PPC Lions to enter semifinal, Toyota Motor Philippines helps para-athletes bring honor to the country. Similar to health promotion efforts, the scope of the problem becomes exponentially large when one considers the need to equip and empower people to be their own educated, capable health advocates. Kevin M. Nanna is a doctoral student in the College of Nursing at Kent State University. One of the most difficult challenges healthcare providers may need to overcome when speaking with persons having low health literacy is gaining their trust. & Wolf, M.S. Daniel Gilbert (born January 17, 1962) is an American billionaire businessman and investor. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. (2006). Citation: Egbert, N., Nanna, K., (Sept. 30, 2009) "Health Literacy: Challenges and Strategies" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in NursingVol. In general terms, much of processing and understanding information is related to a person’s level of basic literacy. Fact Sheets. There are also challenges related to obtaining information via the Internet. Literacy and health outcomes. For those individuals with low health literacy who choose the Internet for health information, the guidelines suggested below help to make online information more accessible: Once a health message has been delivered successfully to its intended recipient, either through a human channel, a print source, or the Internet, there is still a risk that it is not being processed or understood as intended. Coded team communications game (non-verbal communications, communications systems, body language, team understanding, creativity) This game can be played by one group, or between two or more teams competitively. (2002). (2003). Explore six great sites that will help you teach about the newspaper -- before you … Finally, critical health literacy is the empowerment of an individual to be his or her own health advocate despite difficult economical or social situations, even to the point of working to establish changes in those circumstances through community action. Persons with inadequate health literacy have poorer health regardless of the illness in question (DeWalt, Berkman, Sheridan, Lohr, & Pignone, 2004). COVID-19 (Coronavirus): OFR's operational status and FAQs The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) provides access to the official text of: Federal Laws Presidential Documents Administrative Regulations and Notices Learn more Shortcuts to Federal Register Publications On Federalregister.gov Today's Federal Register Public Inspection List Executive Orders Federal Register The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) is a recent measure of health literacy available in English and Spanish and intended for clinical use. For example, the elderly are more likely to have low health literacy skills compared to their younger counterparts due to a decline in their reading and cognitive abilities (Baker, Gazmararian, Sudano, & Patterson, 2000). Essays, research papers, term papers, courseworks, etc. 1,535 Likes, 8 Comments - MIT Science (@mitscience) on Instagram: “A “sensational” map 🗺 of the brain 🧠 A team of researchers from Massachusetts Institute of…” (2004). Other patients may acknowledge their limitations, but try very hard to hide them so as to avoid embarrassment (Vezeau, 2008). A toolkit for those wishing to conduct training on the topic of health literacy is available online from the American Library Association (2008). Health literacy video. These three factors should not be considered to be mutually exclusive to one another, but rather to provide a working framework through which the concept of health literacy can be discussed. And filled the plain, the leafage stripping bare: Of all the forest, and the air’s vast space: Was thick and troubled, and we closed our eyes 460: Until the plague the Gods had sent was past; And when it ceased, a weary time being gone, The girl was seen, and with a bitter cry, Shrill as a bird’s, she wails, when it beholds In an effort to bridge the gap of understanding, many healthcare providers will offer patients printed health information in the form of brochures, articles, and/or books. American Medical Association Foundation and American Medical Association. EssayShark is the best service for students! The Plain Language Planner© (PLP) is a tool that translates common medical language into plain language. Challenges Related to Obtaining Information. Eichner, J., & Dullabh, P. (2007). (2000). This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. There are many fruitful areas of research in health literacy. The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) are widely used measures of health literacy and have been translated into multiple languages (DeWalt, et al., 2004). (2004). Health literacy: A prescription to end confusion. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31, 19-26. Also, when structuring written text in plain language, information should be presented in the order it is needed so the reader is able to understand subsequent information. (2008). Retrieved September 10, 2006 from www.agingsociety.org/agingsociety/publications/fact/fact_low.html, National Assessment of Adult Literacy. (2007). In response to these critics, new measures of health literacy have been developed. What, however, with the idealists was an object of thought alone, the absolute, is to Lotze only inadequately definable in rigorous philosophical language; the aspirations of the human heart, the contents of our feelings and desires, the aims of art and the tenets of religious faith must be grasped in order to fill the empty idea of the absolute with meaning. (2007). When the provider is different from the patient in terms of age, ethnic background, education, and socio-economic status, it may be difficult for the patient to feel comfortable asking questions or disclosing personal health information. Use common words and/or words the patient uses in conversation. From www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20061214/pubs/cbm/hliteracy.html, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Retrieved March 31, 2009 from www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/litsum.pdf, American Library Association. The ANA News release (July, 6, 2020), “AMA, AHA, ANA Issue Open Letter Urging Public to Wear a Mask to Stop Covid-19 Spread” makes the case that wearing a face mask is now vital. MacKayla Lane faces the ultimate threat when war breaks out between the kingdoms of shadow and light, as the #1 New York Times bestselling Fever series races to an explosive revelation. (2008).Health information literacy. Schillinger, D., Bindman, A., Wang, F., Stewart, A., & Piette, J. Sometimes the help needed may be very close to home, as when patients bring a family member or friend to healthcare encounters to provide an extra set of ears and to either reinforce the information provided by the healthcare provider or to seek clarification when needed. Wilson-Stronks, A., Lee, K. K., Cordero, C. L., Kopp, A. L., Galvez, E. (2008). Some researchers have begun to consider how such large-scale efforts could be conceptualized. Plain Language Thesaurus for Health Communications. Individuals who cannot regularly visit healthcare organizations may not have access to these materials, and those who do have access may not understand how to navigate a library or even a health reference text if it is too complex or scientific. Put simply, using plain language means replacing medical or technical terms with words that people use every day in their conversations with one another. (1999). Health Promotion International, 16, 207-214. (2004). Nichole Egbert, PhD Barrett, S. E., & Sheen Puryear, J. Understanding health literacy for strategic health marketing: eHealth literacy, health disparities, and the digital divide. Zarcadoolas, C., Blanco, C. M., Boyer, J. F., Pleasant, A. Results include citations, abstracts and some full-text. Advancing health literacy: A framework for understanding and action. Cheap essay writing sercice. Adult literacy in America: A first look at the findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey (2nd ed.). (2005) Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: the newest vital sign. This means that organizations need to embrace a health literacy agenda, such as the one articulated by the Agency for Health Research and Quality (2004). Although lack of computer availability can be an obstacle, patients may be able to use computers with Internet connectivity in public facilities, such as libraries, hospitals, schools, and senior centers. These resources offer providers ways to introduce the health literacy concept to their institutions and colleagues through ready-to-use educational materials, such as videos, worksheets, and case studies for discussion. Eradicating low health literacy: The first public health movement of the 21st century. A global language acts as a “lingua franca”, a common language that enables people from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities to communicate on a more or less equitable basis. In M. de Chesnay and B. Synonyms for produce include cause, effect, generate, occasion, engender, induce, provoke, beget, breed and elicit. Learn more. Strategies Related to Obtaining Information. Although health information is now widely available via the Internet, individuals who are less educated, have less money, and are minorities are more likely to have inadequate health literacy (Paasche-Orlow & Wolf, 2007) because these individuals often do not have regular access to the Internet. Health literacy: Report of the council on scientific affairs. There are also certified patient navigators and patient advocate companies for patients who need assistance in understanding a healthcare professional. , Ltd. 00-19-1F Microlink communications Inc. 00-19-20 KUME electric Co.,Ltd. Ratzan, S. C. (2001). Critics of these measures have identified the need to develop a more complete and practical measure of health literacy (Paasche-Orlow & Wolf, 2007; Pleasant, 2008). E-mail: [email protected]. Insights from this research can guide providers, healthcare organizations, and the community in achieving a health-literate society. (2001). However, achieving this type of communication is hampered by the current business model of clinical medicine that forces healthcare providers to maximize the number of patients they see each day. We are ready to help you with any type of work. For some non-English speaking patients, translators can be provided by the healthcare organization to assist with communication between the patient and healthcare provider. Although these barriers are formidable, they are not insurmountable; interventions using this technology with persons having low health literacy skills have been shown to be successful (Eichner & Dullabh, 2007). Kickbusch (2001) has suggested that by considering health literacy broadly (as opposed to isolating diseases or specific health risks), and working to increase a population’s social capital, healthcare advocates can achieve a more integrated and sustained program of health and social change. The ramifications for people with low to moderate healthcare literacy skills include the inability to assume positive self management, higher medical costs due to more medication and treatment errors, more frequent hospitalizations, longer hospital stays, more visits to their healthcare provider, and a lack of necessary skills to obtain needed services (National Academy on an Aging Society).

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