They are Keep the oil from overheating and keep the compressor from “throwing” oil by preventing flooding. Alkyl Benzene oil is synthetic whereas mineral oil is not.) On the other hand, too much oil can also lead to compressor issues and poor system performance. Oil content in the system usually can reach ranges from 1 to 5% and in special cases also higher values. This is proper air conditioning, refrigeration practice. If you purchase those items through my links I will earn a commission. Especially with mineral and AB oils it was very important to employ proper trapping strategies according to the manufacturers and industry guidelines such as THIS ONE FROM RSES. Until recently mineral oils were the default lubricant used in refrigeration systems. Remember the performance will not be the same with the new refrigerant. Venom Pack Condenser Cleaner is a high foaming pure concentrate liquid designed to tackle the toughest soils. General Types of Refrigerant Gases A flooded start is flooding that occurs during startup when liquid refrigerant was allowed to collect in the compressor, in the suction line or even in the evaporator. One last point of note is that POE oils absorb moisture at a much faster rate than mineral oil. If refrigerant oil did the same thing—that is, if it remained in the We do not directly sell any products or refrigerants, but rather provide information, knowledge, and explanations to the consumer. Otherwise, you could be looking at the wrong oil not circulating through the system and accumulating in your evaporator. Suniso GS oils can be applied in commercial as well as in residential refrigeration and air conditioning systems. A major forthcoming CO 2 application seems to be air conditioning in the automotive industry. Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG) – a synthetic oil primarily used in automotive air conditioning systems. AB oils are specially recommended for refrigerants like R-22 and HCFC blends. One thing that has become clear with the advent of POE oil is the importance of proper brazing practices (flowing nitrogen), proper deep evacuation and keeping the oil away from air and moisture during storage. Since the entire automotive market is switching soon over to the HFO 1234yf I would like to also point out that YF refrigerant also takes PAG oil as well. How Much Is R-1234yf Refrigerant Per Pound in 2021? Since it is composed of a highly efficient polyoil ester base oil originally developed by Nippon Oil, it has a high miscibility with HFCs and achieves excellent properties with Two units of measure are used with refrigeration oil. When POE oils first gained common use it was widely rumored that mixing POE and mineral oil would result in “sludge”. In VERY large systems such as chillers, we are beginning to see oilless technologies with magnetic bearings like TurboCor from Danfoss (shown above), but these are still pretty rare in the field. So, what type of refrigerant is used in chillers most often? How Much Is Refrigerant Per Pound In 2021? b. Compacted bead type driers can use XH6 or XH9 molecular sieve material such as found in the … Overview of oil types This document presents an overview of oil types and their technical specifications for Danfoss Com-mercial Compressors. It is more hygroscopic that either POE or PVE oils, but like PVE it does not undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water. Alkyl Benzene Oils (AB) Alkyl benzene oil types were the first synthetic oils to be used in the refrigeration industry. Always check the compressor manufacture's recommendations for oil on any other type … Best practice is to ensure everything is set and ready before pulling the plugs on the compressor. Heat pumps could also benefit from CO 2 due to the higher temperature that can be obtained even at very low ambient temperatures. In … It is also suitable for systems using CFC, HCFC refrigerants. Understanding Refrigerant Toxicity & Flammability. 1/2 ton or 1.8kW) while the open type can be designed to a large cooling capacity (e.g. This is called “flooding” and it can occur while the system is running when the refrigerant superheat is allowed to stay at zero as it enters the compressor which indicates the presence of liquid refrigerant mixed with the suction vapor. Typically, one drop of Nylog can be stretched about three feet before breaking. hermetic type can be designed to a small cooling capacity (e.g. As always, read and follow manufacturers piping guidelines as the lower the velocity the more likely the oil is to have issues returning especially in retrofit applications where some Mineral or AB may still be present with the POE or PVE oils. What kind of refrigerant you are working with. Oil minimizes mechanical wear by reducing friction. In some instances there are some HFC refrigerants and compressors out there that were designed as drop-in replacements for older HCFC units. Mineral oils can also be used with other refrigerants such as Ammonia or some Hydrocarbons as well. Because of this the time allowed for the compressor to be exposed to the atmosphere has to be short. Learn refrigerants and oils with free interactive flashcards. https://refrigeranthq.com/ is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program and The E-Bay Partner Program, affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com or E-Bay.com. Refrigerants CFC R11, R12, R13, R131b1, R113, R114, R500, R502, R503 You will not pay more when buying a product through my link. Plus, when you order through my link, it helps me to continue to offer you lots of free stuff. Table 5.2 Summary table of the different types of refrigerants… Similarly, other types of compressors also rely on oil for lubrication and for providing a seal when compressing the refrigerant vapor. Currently it is not an easy matter for decision makers in commercial refrigeration to make a definitive choice when it comes to refrigerants and system type. It coats the pan, p-trap and drain piping with a lubricative film to improve flow and prevent future soil adhesion. Alkyl Benzene oil is synthetic whereas mineral oil is not.) There are components called oil separators that can strip most of the oil from the discharge gas and return the oil to the compressor, these are often used on larger systems and they are still less than 100% effective by themselves. Plant type 5. Even though the refrigerant is the working fluid required for cooling, the lubricant or oil is needed for lubrication of the compressor’s moving mechanical parts. HFC units could not use mineral oils due to them proving insufficient lubrication and due to the mixing ability of mineral oils. What the manufacturer of the compressor calls for. Characteristically, some of this lubricating oil is pumped along with the refrigerant throughout the rest of the system. Oil is used in refrigeration systems to lubricate compressor bearings and other moving parts. Mineral oil worked well with refrigerants that contained Chlorine but is not miscible with modern HFC and HFO refrigerants. Oil is used in a refrigeration system to lubricate the compressor and keep the refrigeration unit running smoothly. refrigerants with limited solubility (e.g. Pressures (%) 1 V. R. Capacity (%) 1 COP (%) 1 Mass Flow Rate (%) 1 Discharge Temps (°F) 1 GWP (100 year) 2 Often high discharge temperatures occur when the suction pressure is low, superheat is low or compression ratio is high (high head pressure, low suction pressure) or some combination of these issues. Technicians who work in “built up” systems like market refrigeration are very aware of this and take an active approach to manage oil. How Much Is R-404A Refrigerant Per Pound in 2021? The paucity of this information made performance correlations of currently used refrigeration grade POEs with that of new and old published information nearly impossible. If we could, we would keep 100% of the oil in the compressor but since that is generally unrealistic we need to utilize oils and oil strategies that will circulate the oil through the system and return it back to the compressor where it belongs on a regular and continuous basis. Naphthene based mineral oils are suitable for refrigeration systems using CFC or HCFC refrigerants. Compressor type 4. As I stated above the primary users of PAG oil are automotive applications. Find out more about the Innovative NAVAC line of Vacuum Pumps. The explain the operation of split system installation valves. As always if you see something that I missed or something that is incorrect please reach out to me by clicking this link. There are different types of compressor: Positive displacement and; Dynamic compressor A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. This helps to ensure that the oil doesn’t break down and “carbonize”. PURE CONCENTRATE COIL CLEANER Derived from refrigeration grade lubricants. This means that while PVE will grab water more easily it is capable or being dehydrated again unlike POE. One good practice to use when running long runs of horizontal piping is to pitch it back towards the compressors. This is a common-sense practice no matter the oil, refrigerant or application whenever possible. Miscibility – the ability of the oil to mix with and move with the refrigerant. It is always better to move to POE or PVE oils from mineral when retrofitting to an HFC refrigerant but small amounts of mineral oil have proven to be rather inconsequential in most cases. Naphthene based mineral oils are suitable for refrigeration systems using CFC or HCFC refrigerants and has been the standard oil used for generations. Refrigeration Systems After completing this unit you will be able to: describe the different types of refrigeration service valves. Keep in mind that the longer the refrigerant lines are, the larger the evaporator(s) the more oil will be out in the “circuit” and the more total oil the system will need to contain. In these cases, a “Y” is added to the type designation of the compressor. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. These can include some of your most common refrigerants such as R-404A and R-410A. Solid core driers such as Emerson Climate Technologies ADK are compatible with either R-22 or R-407C. Additionally, butane, isobutane, and mineral oil are also included in certain blends. are responsible for varying amounts of oil present in the refrigerant circuit. Naphthene based mineral oils are suitable for refrigeration systems using CFC or HCFC refrigerants and has been the standard oil used for generations. Mineral refrigerant oil, also known as Alkyl Benzene oil, is probably the one that most of you are used to. When oil top-up is needed, always use the oil type as listed in the below table. How do they differ? It is compatible with mineral oil and compared to mineral oil, it has improved refrigerant miscibility with R-22 at low-temperature conditions. The vast number of refrigerants available in the market today allows us to choose a refrigerant depending upon the operating conditions of the refrigeration system. Lastly, some companies have stated that it is ok to mix oils like Mineral with POE but from what I have found in my research the best advice is to NOT mix oils. Is there one that is better over the other? VENOM PACK CONDENSER with newer oils like POE and PVE these trapping and oil return strategies have become less critical in high and medium temperature applications due to the strong miscibility of the oil in the refrigerant. Thanks for reading and I hope that I was able to answer your questions. Non-hardening, non-drying fluid which bonds tenaciously to many different substrates. Until recently mineral oils were the default lubricant used in refrigeration systems. DISCLOSURE: I may be an affiliate for products that I recommend. The nominal size is based on the outside diameter (OD). For example, POE oil decomposes into acids and alcohol in the presence of water which means that the once it decomposes it cannot be reconstituted with line driers or evacuation. In systems where the refrigerant charge is small in comparison to the oil volume, this difference in solubility may lead to problems. of oil, prevent the compressed refrigerant vapor from escaping through the mating surfaces. Alkylbenzene (AB) – a synthetic oil suitable for refrigeration systems using CFC or HCFC refrigerants. As such, there is no refrigerant that can be advantageously used under all operating conditions and in all types of refrigeration systems. In fact, I oftentimes am able to negotiate a lower rate (or bonuses) not available elsewhere. FMI –2010 Energy & Store Development Conference HFC Component Comparison 1 –Relative to R-22, Standard Cycle @ 105 F Condenser, 25 F Evaporator, 10 F of Superheat & Subcooling 2 –From the IPCC AR4 3 –L Sub-classification Under Public Review Cond. Refrigerant type 3. Preventing flooding is a significant part of oil management and involves setting superheat properly and using other strategies such as crankcase heaters, non-bleed expansion valves and pump down on the off cycle to help keep liquid refrigerant out of the compressor. When looking at PAG oil you will notice various numbers such as PAG46 or PAG100. R 22) special precautions should be taken while designing the system to ensure oil return to the compressor i) Dilelectric strength: This is an important property for systems using hermetic Refrigerants that commonly used mineral oils were your CFC and HCFC refrigerants such as R-12, R-22, and R-502. Maintain proper oil return through proper pipe sizing, pitching and trapping (as required) and by maintaining appropriate deisgn velocity of the refrigerant. Verify the superheat setting. Chances are that if you have an older R-22 unit installed that it is most likely using mineral oil. Hygroscopic – Many modern oils are hygroscopic which means they attract and hold moisture. (Please note that while Alkyl Benzene oil can be used as a replacement in most mineral oil applications these two oils are not the exact same. The older measure is Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS), the newer is ISO viscosity grade number (ISO VG). Most of the time new compressors will come prefilled with oil but if they are not or you need to add oil to your system then please please use what the compressor calls for. On a properly functioning compressor, the mass flow rate (amount of refrigerant moving through the compressor) and the suction gas temperature are the primary factors that impact compressor discharge temperature. Choose from 67 different sets of refrigerants and oils flashcards on Quizlet. Keep the system clean and dry and use the correct oil in the correct amounts. The compressor lubricant in refrigeration and air conditioning systems has many important functions. This is why diagnosing fully and finding WHY the old compressor failed is a huge part of the process so that you can make some oil adjustments if an oil return issue was found and rectified. When oil does not return properly to the compressor it can cause compressor wear but it can also decrease system performance by coating the inside of the evaporator tubing walls and inhibiting heat transfer and can even cause restrictions. Ten (10) different refrigerants and fourteen (14) different lubricants were investigated. The new compressor will only add more oil to the circuit making the situation worse and again leading to a reoccurring failure. Polyvinyl Ether (PVE) – a synthetic oil that is being used as an alternative to POE oil and is very common in ductless and VRF. Oil Type for Different Types of Refrigerant Product line: All AC DX Units Environment: All versions/serials Cause: Oil Maintenance Resolution: Below is a list of the different oil types for the different refrigerants in our units. Hydrolysis – decomposition due to a reaction with water. the oil performance in the compressor as well as in the refrigeration plant as a whole. Get the (near) daily Tech Tip email right in your inbox! Therefore, it is important that the oil and the refrigerant are miscible with each other so that oil following the refrigerant out in the system is returned to the compressor and not accumulated in the system. Summary Table. It is more hygroscopic than POE oil, but PVE oil does not undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water. One drop of Nylog on your rubber hose gaskets prior to attaching your core tools, hoses or vacuum gauge will assure that things do not bind or leak during evacuation. When HFC refrigerants began to gain popularity the use of mineral oils started to decline. and types of POEs in refrigeration compressors is relatively new and nearly all chemical and additive formulations of current refrigeration grade POE lubricants are proprietary. This has been proven to be a myth, and to some extent manufacturers of retrofit, refrigerants have been suggesting adding small amounts of POE to mineral oil to help carry it through the system. Deciding on the type of refrigerant to use in a chiller unit, depends on industrial preferences, cost considerations and need for compliance with industrial, occupational health and environmental regulations including global warming potential (GWP). Is there a 1234yf Air Conditioner Recharge Kit? It is very important to keep moisture away from hygroscopic oils to keep them from becoming contaminated. While these synthetic oils have been around for decades they were always seen as too expensive when it came to using in CFC or HCFC systems. Hard drawn copper tubing is used for halocarbon refrigeration systems. Refrigerant velocity should be maintained according to manufacturer recommendations and low velocity will primarily be an issue in evaporator coils and suction lines when the suction pressure is lower than design due to improper tubing sizing, low evaporator load, metering device underfeeding or undercharge. Oil Types Mineral – is a product of gasoline production. Something that can be confusing to a lot of technicians rather they are a residential tech, commercial tech, or a mechanic is refrigerant oil. This often occurs when a new compressor is installed with a new oil charge on a system that previously had oil return issues. Type M is not used because the wall is too thin. Refrigerants: There are four basic types of refrigerant gases used in each of the pure or blended refrigerants listed as acceptable by the EPA for use in Mobile Air Conditioning. Remember, one of the leading causes of failures in automotive HVAC is contamination. A refrigerant mixture consists of two or more components. The slow dissolving enzyme gel will outperform and outlast conventional tablets and strips. First a quick summary of the role of oil in the refrigerant circuit –. Refrigeration Oil of Polyol Ester Type for HFC Ze-GLES RB is a refrigeration oil applicable for various kinds of freezing and air conditioning in-struments using HFCs. Adjust the refrigerant charge if needed. explain the operation of gauge manifold valves. In order to determine the correct PAG viscosity for your vehicle you will need to look up the specifications of your make and model of your vehicle either online or in the instruction manual. 11 Common Types of Chiller Refrigerant. Each Danfoss oil is specifically selected and tuned with additives for optimal performance in the indicated compressor series. Quick, accurate flaring equipped with high-performance, large capacity lithium battery, adjustable speed control and quick-connect, it makes flaring easy and enjoyable, while guaranteeing accurate and consistent flaring. In these cases using mineral oils may be acceptable but again always check with the compressor and the refrigerant to ensure accuracy. a. For the last decade, many refrigerant options and system architectures have Commercial grade hydrocarbons contain significant quantities of sulphur, water, and other impurities and could contribute to oil degradation, shorten the compressor life and We are tasked with preventing liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor which can cause more rapid and potentially catastrophic oil loss. Check the oil and filters as this will return any dirty picked up around the system. Because of this the time allowed for the compressor to be exposed to the atmosphere is much much shorter than what you may be used to for R-22. PAG oil, or Polyalkylene Glycol, is a fully synthetic hygroscopic oil specifically designed for automotive air conditioner compressors. Once the oil has left the compressor it must circulate through the system and return to the compressor crankcase and there are a few key factors that impact oil return-. POE Oil, or Poly Olester Oil, is a synthetic oil that was designed to meet the needs of the changing refrigeration industry. Alkylbenzene (AB) – a synthetic oil suitable for refrigeration systems using CFC or HCFC refrigerants. In some instances the mixed oil doesn’t flow correctly and you could end up with the same result as before of having it pile up in your evaporator instead of circulating and again potentially causing damage to the system. The compressor requires oil for lubrication of the moving parts in the compressor. This content is provided 'As is' and is subject to change or removal at any time. Now, this does vary based on the compressor type, system and oil type, but is a generally accepted rule in the absence of a more detailed guideline. Typical sizes … The Trucking Industry & the Coming Shortage of R-134a. How Much Is R-22 Refrigerant Per Pound in 2021? The properties of the oil selected must be suitable for this purpose.

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